Behavioral Psychology

Behavioral Psychology is grounded in empirical research. The rational approach -- observable behavior in reaction to external stimuli -- is it's focus. T he effects of rewards, punishments, and association on learning have been studied extensively by Behavioral Psychologists (or Behaviorists). Early work includes the example of Pavolv's Dog, the dog that salivated when a bell rang because he had been conditioned to associate the ring with food. Watson and Skinner are other famous names from Behavioral Psychology.

Behavioral Psychology's Achievements and Criticisms

Behavioral Psychology, or Behaviorism, is often both applauded and criticized for its emphasis on rationalism and mechanism. Those who believe Psychology can always, or almost always, be explained as conditioned behavior are drawn to Behavioral Psychology. Some people choose it because it reasonably accounts for certain psychological problems they're interested in exploring further, such as dangerous behaviors. Others choose it because they are drawn to the empirical science of it, or are particularly adept in science. Behavioral Psychology has been shown to be an important component of some types of learning, although not all. It has been used successfully for certain purposes, as in intensive behavioral interventions.

Criticisms of Behavioral Psychology, or behaviorism in general, often contend that human Psychology is too complex to take only an empirical and/or behavioral approach to it. Critiques include the views that human beings are; not as mechanistic, or like machines, as behaviorism suggests; able to change even their reinforced learning as may be needed or desired; and can learn in other ways too.

Rationalism in Behavioral Psychology

Rationalism, as applied within Behavioral Psychology, contends that understanding of human behavior is best approached by the application of logic. Logical reasoning requires observable and quantifiable science, often referred to as empiricism. This is quite different from qualitative study of research that, for instances, may rely on case studies or even what we often refer to as common sense.

Mechanism in Behavioral Psychology

Mechanism, within Behavioral Psychology, is a view of human behavior as being machine-like. The scope of mechanism within Behavioral Psychology ranges from some to what can be called a radical degree. It is not necessary to discount other psychologies in favor of behaviorism in academic study or practice: In fact, most psychologists have a working knowledge of behavioral theory and approaches, even if they claim to be eclectic practitioners or their primary approach is something quite different.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is an important derivative of Behavioral Psychology, otherwise called CBT. It combines cognitive theories and approaches with behavioral theories and approaches within the therapeutic setting. There are several types of CBT, but the common thread is the belief that our cognition (thinking) leads to our emotions and behaviors. This is a popular therapeutic approach that teaches individuals to change problem behaviors or emotions by learning to think different thoughts and/or to think in different ways to achieve different feelings and/or behaviors.

Optimism and Health

Optimism and a sense of control in one’s own life broaden our awareness of options that may be healthier for us and may even promote recovery, reduce pain or prolong life in certain cases of illness.

Humor and Health

Researchers say that laughter seems to have a similar cardiovascular effect as aerobic activity. Don't replace aerobic activity, but engage in humor and you'll increase blood flow. Researchers suggest 15 minutes of laughter per day.

Sex is Healthy

Sex is good exercise, helping the heart, lungs, muscles, circulation and more; helps maintain an intimate relationship, and such relationships appear to prolong the lives of a significant number of people; may help with the creation of new brain cells; and, most certainly, sex increases satisfaction with life.

Healthy Thoughts

Our thoughts trigger our emotions and behavior. We're capable of creating more positive thoughts to replace the ones that aren’t working for us if we're mindful of our thinking.